Molecular biology of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a key factor in many processes which have been important for general homeostasis. VDRs are found in a variety of cellular material, including monocytes, dendritic skin cells, macrophages, neutrophils, keratinocytes, and epithelial cells.

The vitamin D receptor is a elemental receptor that is turned on by the vitamin D hormone. This can be a receptor that forms a heterodimer with the retinoid X radio. The holding of the vitamin D complex with the RXR results the service of many intracellular signaling pathways. These pathways produce immediate responses independent of the transcriptional response of target family genes.

VDRs are also thought to mediate the effects of calciferol on bone tissue maintenance. This is supported by the relationship between bone fragments density and VDR radio alleles in humans. In addition , many VDR target genes had been identified, which includes calcium-binding protein, calbindin D-9k and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 24-hydroxylase.

Many studies currently have investigated the word of VDR in various tissue. For instance, confocal microscopy has revealed VDR nuclear staining in human bande cells. In addition , find more information VDR has been diagnosed in white-colored matter oligodendrocytes. These results have generated the speculation that calcium-dependent platelet activation may be regulated by super fast non-genomic effects of VDR in mitochondria.

In addition to vitamin D, VDRs have been suggested as a factor in dangerous calcium homeostasis in the digestive tract. Yet , the exact system is not yet known. Various elements, including environmental exposures and genetic elements, may control VDR reflection.